It will run through the beginning of the Capetian dynasty to nowadays and will focus on everything related to France and its history.
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Draft of the 1536 Treaty or Capitulations negotiated between French ambassadorJean de La Forêt and Ibrahim Pasha
Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire were contracts between the Ottoman Empire and European powers.
France had already signed a first treaty or Capitulations with the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo in 1500, during the rule of Louis XII, in which the Sultan of Egypt had made concessions to the French and the Catalans. This treaty was upheld by the Ottoman Empire when the later captured the Mamluk Sultanate in 1517, following the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517). Francis I was the first king of France who sought an alliance with the Ottoman Empire, leading to a Franco-Ottoman alliance. To this he was urged, not by the Crusading spirit but entirely by the desire to break in Europe the dominating power of the imperial Habsburg House of Austria. By compelling Austria to use its forces for defence against the Turks in the East, he hoped to weaken it and render it unable to increase or even maintain its power in the West.
François-Auguste_Biard, L’abolition de l’esclavage dans les colonies françaisesOn 27 April 1848, under the Second Republic (1848–52), the decree-law Schœlcher abolished slavery for the second time. The state bought the slaves from the colons, and then freed them.
François Blondel, Dessin des Buffets du Bal de l’Hôtel de Ville, aquarelles extraites du livre “Fêtes Publiques Données par la Ville de Paris à l’occasion du Mariage de Monseigneur le Dauphin, les 23 et 26 février 1745”
1745http://www.sothebys.com/fr/auctions/ecatalogue/2013/bibliotheque-ducs-luynes-chateau-dampierre/lots.list.0.html
Foire de Troyes
The Champagne fairs were an annual cycle of trading fairs held in towns in the Champagne and Brie regions of France in the Middle Ages. From their origins in local agricultural and stock fairs, the Champagne fairs became an important engine in the reviving economic history of medieval Europe, “veritable nerve centers” serving as a premier market for textiles, leather, fur, and spices. At their height, in the late 12th and the 13th century, the fairs linked the cloth-producing cities of the Low Countries with the Italian dyeing and exporting centers, with Genoa in the lead. The fairs, which were already well-organized at the start of the 12th century, were one of the earliest manifestations of a linked European economy, a characteristic of the High Middle Ages. From the later 12th century, the fairs, conveniently sited on ancient land routes and largely self-regulated through the development of the Lex mercatoria, the “merchant law”, dominated the commercial and banking relations operating at the frontier region between the north and the Mediterranean.
Jean François de Troy’s 1735 painting Le Déjeuner d’Huîtres (The Oyster Luncheon) is the first known depiction of Champagne in painting
Pierre tombale de Dom Pérignon dans l’église d’Hautvillers, région Champagne
Dom Pérignon is buried in the church of Hautvillers, région Champagne
Dom Pierre Pérignon, O.S.B., (c. 1638–14 September 1715) was a French Benedictine monk who made important contributions to the production and quality of Champagne wine in an era when the region’s wines were predominantly still and red. Popular myths frequently, but erroneously, credit him with the invention of sparkling Champagne, which didn’t become the dominant style of Champagne until the mid-19th century.
The famous champagne Dom Pérignon, the prestige cuvée of Moët & Chandon, is named after him.
Juillet 1918: le Friedensturm ou la seconde bataille de la Marne.Description : Château-Thierry, Aisne, quelques habitants restés pendant l’occupation de la ville.Date : Juillet 1918Lieu : Chateau-Thierry, AisnePhotographe : Maurice BoulayOrigine : ECPADRéférence : 104_SPA-45-BO-2021
Cathédrale de Reims
Notre-Dame of Reims was the site of the coronation of French kings. It was the centre of an important “cathedral complex” and the representation of Heavenly Jerusalem for the people of the Middle Ages.
It was also the symbolic centre of the Archbishop’s power, as Primate over the bishops of several dioceses in Northern France.
Erected between 1211 and 1516, in accordance with an architectural program of immense artistic richness, the Cathedral of Reims survives as one of the most beautiful examples of Gothic art.
The architecture of the Reims Cathedral is characteristic of Gothic Art: it represents a moment of equilibrium between the experiments of Early Gothic (second half of the 12th century), and the decorative evolutions of Radiant Gothic (about 1230-1350) and Flamboyant Gothic (about 1350-1500).
The monument displays a classic unity to which the successive builders remained faithful, through the decades, by conserving as closely as possible the architectural vision adopted during the years 1210-1230 and the construction of the choir.
The interior elevation is remarkable for the impression of vertical tension created by the upward thrust and relative narrowness of its volumes (there is only one side-aisle).
The division into three levels is typical of 13th century architecture: grand arcades on the ground floor, triforium, and large, high windows.
To the three galleries of circulation habitual in similar edifices (two high: a parapet walk at the summit of the goutterot wallswith a passageway at the base of the high windows, a median, and the triforium); the Cathedral adds an interior passage at the base of the low windows: the “Passage Champenois”. Each of these passageways allows one to walk completely around the edifice.
Madame de Staël en Corinne (1807), Firmin Massot, huile sur bois, 61 x 52 cm - Collection du château de Coppet (Suisse) -
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein; 22 April 1766 – 14 July 1817), commonly known as Madame de Staël, was a French woman of letters of Swiss origin whose lifetime overlapped with the events of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era of which she was a principal opponent. Celebrated for her conversational eloquence, she participated actively in the political and intellectual life of her times. Her works, both critical and fictional, made their mark on the history of European Romanticism.
Article premier.
Le peuple français décidera souverainement de ses futures institutions. À cet effet, une Assemblée nationale constituante sera convoquée dès que les circonstances permettront de procéder à des élections régulières, au plus tard dans le délai d’un an après la libération complète du territoire. Elle sera élue au scrutin secret à un seul degré par tous les Français et Françaises majeurs, sous la réserve des incapacités prévues par les lois en vigueur. […]
Article 17.
Les femmes sont électrices et éligibles dans les mêmes conditions que les hommes.
Ordonnance du 21 avril 1944
relative à l’organisation des pouvoirs publics en France
après la Libération
L’ordonnance du 21 avril 1944 régit le fonctionnement du Gouvernement provisoire de la République française, présidé par Charles de Gaulle, qui a succédé au Comité français de la Libération nationale (CFLN). Il accorde notamment, par l’article 17, le droit de vote aux femmes françaises ainsi que leur éligibilité.
The ordonnance of the 21st of April 1944 institutes the fonctionning of the Gouvernement Provisoire de la République Française (Provisional Government of the French Republic) led by De Gaulle and which succeded to the Comité Française de la Libération Nationale (French Committee of the National Liberation). It allows women, by the article 17, to vote and to be elected.
