La Bataille de Bouvines, Les Grandes Chroniques de France, début XVe, BNF, Paris.

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The Battle of Bouvines, which took place on 27 July 1214, was a conclusive, medieval battle ending the twelve year old Angevin-Flanders War that was important to the early development of the French state by confirming the French crown’s sovereignty over the Angevin lands of Brittany and Normandy.

Philip Augustus of France defeated an army consisting of Imperial, English and Flemish soldiers, led by Otto IV of Germany. Other leaders included count Ferrand of Flanders, William de Longespee and Renaud of Boulogne. Philip was himself able to take undisputed control of most continental territories of John of England, Otto’s maternal uncle and ally.